# 第三册 Lesson 12 Life on a desert island 荒岛生活

## 一、课文原文

Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Life there is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desert island is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.

Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer. They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to have it repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink. They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem. The men collected rainwater in the rubber dinghy. As they had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caught lobster and fish every day, and, as one of them put it 'ate like kings'. When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.

## 二、重点词汇详解

| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 释义 | 用法说明 |
|------|------|------|------|----------|
| desert | /ˈdezət/ | adj. | 荒芜的 | ~ island 荒岛（注意：作名词时重音在前） |
| unrealistic | /ˌʌnrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ | adj. | 不切实际的 | un- + realistic |
| paradise | /ˈpærədaɪs/ | n. | 天堂，乐园 | a sort of ~ 一种乐园 |
| wretched | /ˈretʃɪd/ | adj. | 可怜的，悲惨的 | 比miserable语气更强 |
| starve | /stɑːv/ | v. | 挨饿 | ~ to death 饿死 |
| coral | /ˈkɒrəl/ | n. | 珊瑚 | ~ island 珊瑚岛 |
| dinghy | /ˈdɪŋɡɪ/ | n. | 小橡皮艇 | — |
| spear | /spɪə/ | n. | 鱼叉，矛 | spear gun 鱼叉枪 |
| lobster | /ˈlɒbstə/ | n. | 龙虾 | — |
| tanker | /ˈtæŋkə/ | n. | 油轮 | a passing ~ 路过的油轮 |
| genuinely | /ˈdʒenjuɪnlɪ/ | adv. | 真正地，真心地 | genuine adj. 真正的 |

## 三、语法知识点

### 1. 虚拟语气：wish + 过去完成时

*Two men... **wished** they **had stayed** there longer.*

wish后接从句表示与事实相反的愿望。过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。

| wish时态 | 从句时态 | 含义 | 例句 |
|----------|----------|------|------|
| 现在时 | 过去时 | 对现在的虚拟 | I wish I knew the answer. |
| 现在时 | 过去完成时 | 对过去的虚拟 | I wish I had studied harder. |
| 现在时 | would/could + 动原 | 对将来的虚拟 | I wish it would stop raining. |

### 2. either... or... 结构

*You **either** starve to death **or** live like Robinson Crusoe*

"要么...要么..."，连接两个并列选项。

| 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|------|------|------|
| either A or B | 要么A要么B | You can either come or stay. |
| neither A nor B | 既不A也不B | He neither smokes nor drinks. |
| both A and B | 既A又B | She is both smart and kind. |

### 3. as sb. put it 插入语

*as one of them **put it** 'ate like kings'*

"正如某人所说"，put = express/ say。

## 四、重点句型分析

### 1. "Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island."
- **句型**：form a picture of 对...形成印象
- **仿写**：He formed a false picture of the situation.

### 2. "We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise..."
- **句型**：imagine sth. to be 想象某物是...
- **仿写**：She imagined the city to be much bigger.

### 3. "There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did not prove to be a problem."
- **句型**：prove to be 结果是/证明是
- **仿写**：The task proved to be more difficult than expected.

## 五、课文翻译

我们大多数人对于荒岛生活都有一幅不切实际的图景。我们有时把荒岛想象成一种乐园——那里阳光终年照耀，生活简单美好，成熟的果实从树上掉下来，人们永远不必劳作。另一种看法则恰恰相反。荒岛生活很可怜。你要么饿死，要么像鲁滨逊那样生活，等待一艘永远不来的船。或许这两种看法都有一定道理，但我们很少有人有机会去验证。

最近有两个人在一座珊瑚岛上待了5天，他们倒希望在那里多待些日子。他们正驾着一艘严重受损的船从维尔京群岛驶往迈阿密去修理。途中，船开始下沉。他们迅速把食物、火柴和几听啤酒装上一只小橡皮艇，在加勒比海上划了几英里，直到抵达一座小小的珊瑚岛。岛上几乎没有树，也没有水，但这并不成问题。他们在橡皮艇里收集雨水。因为带了鱼叉枪，他们有充足的食物。他们每天捕捉龙虾和鱼，正如他们中一人所说"吃得像国王一样"。5天后，一艘路过的油轮把他们救起时，两人竟然真心感到遗憾，觉得不该离开。

## 六、语言点精讲

### 写作手法
1. **先抑后扬**：先描绘荒岛生活的两种极端印象，再以真实经历打破偏见
2. **对比手法**：想象中的荒岛（天堂/地狱）vs 现实中的荒岛（鱼虾美食、无忧无虑）
3. **反讽**：传统认为荒岛生活"悲惨"，实际经历者却"吃得像国王"且不愿离开

### 文化背景
1. **鲁滨逊**：丹尼尔·笛福1719年小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》的主角，成为荒岛求生代名词。
2. **维尔京群岛与加勒比海**：加勒比海地区有许多珊瑚岛，是旅游胜地。
3. **"eat like kings"**：英语习语，意为"吃得很好"，出自"king's table"（国王的餐桌）。

## 七、课后练习要点

1. **wish + 过去完成时**的虚拟语气
2. **either... or...** 与 **neither... nor...**
3. **prove to be** 的用法
4. **imagine... to be** 结构

## 八、本课小结

| 项目 | 要点 |
|------|------|
| 核心主题 | 荒岛生活的理想与现实 |
| 重点语法 | wish虚拟语气、either... or...、prove to be |
| 核心词汇 | wretched, starve, coral, dinghy, genuinely |
| 写作特色 | 先抑后扬、对比手法、反讽 |
| 难点 | wish后从句的时态选择 |